7月26日，巴基斯坦《财经日报》网站（thefinancialdaily.com）刊登题为《中国新一期人权行动计划：以人民为中心的发展与基本权利路径》的评论文章，作者是巴基斯坦哈扎拉大学国际关系教授艾莎·阿莱姆（Ayesha Alam）。文章全文翻译如下：

　　保护和促进人权始终是当代全球治理的核心议题。尽管各国基于不同的政治与文化背景对人权有着各自的解读，但其最终目标是一致的：即维护人的尊严、确保机会均等并提升全体公民的生活质量。在此背景下，中国制定发布了《国家人权行动计划（2026–2030年）》，这是一项将人民福祉置于国家发展核心地位的综合性政策框架。

　　新发布的行动计划体现了中国的一贯理念：人权不仅涵盖公民权利与政治自由，还包括发展权、受教育权、健康权、就业权、社会保障权以及享有清洁环境的权利。面对经济不确定性、气候变化、技术变革及地缘政治挑战并存的时代局势，中国主张，保障这些基本权利必须实现可持续的经济增长并推行包容性的公共政策。

　　行动计划一个最显著的特点是坚持“以人民为中心”的理念。通过实施乡村振兴战略、创造就业机会、强化社会保障、提供优质教育与可及的医疗服务，以及确保公共服务的均等化，该政策致力于提升人民的生活水平。政府旨在通过缩小区域差距和拓展发展机遇，确保每一位公民都能共享国家发展的成果。

　　行动计划还重申了中国对法治的承诺。计划提出，将人权保障融入立法、执法、司法及公共行政各环节，旨在强化法律保障，确保公民能够有效行使宪法和国家法律赋予的各项权利。从北京的角度来看，当司法公正且易于获取，并辅以有效的治理时，社会稳定与公众信心便会得到增强。

　　生态环境保护在这一新的政策框架中占据重要地位。中国认识到，清洁的空气、安全的饮用水、健康的生态系统及可持续发展，不仅是环境领域的优先事项，更是基本的人权。因此，绿色发展、生态保护、减排降碳及环境治理已被纳入国家改善民生的宏观战略之中。

　　行动计划特别关注少数民族及妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人群体的权益保护。其目标在于促进机会均等与社会包容，确保发展成果惠及社会各界。通过完善社会福利体系并扩大教育和医疗服务的覆盖面，中国致力于构建一个更加公平、包容的社会。

　　这一文件还探讨了技术与人权之间日益紧密的关系。随着人工智能和数字创新不断重塑现代社会，新一期国家人权行动计划强调，技术进步应服务于人类，在改善公共服务和提升人民生活质量的同时，切实保护隐私、人的尊严及伦理标准。此外，该计划也鼓励企业在各项业务活动中尊重人权，从而强化企业社会责任。

　　在国际层面，中国重申支持通过对话、相互尊重和国际合作来促进人权事业发展。该计划主张，各国均拥有主权权利，可根据自身历史、文化及发展阶段选择适合本国国情的人权发展道路。中国不主张推行单一的“普世模式”，而是呼吁加强团结合作与互学互鉴，并尊重不同的发展路径。

　　中国的《国家人权行动计划（2026–2030年）》体现了一种将基本权利与经济发展、社会正义、环境可持续性及法治保障有机结合的治理理念。通过这一举措，中国旨在表明：保障人民基本权利，既需要法律层面的确立与保护，也需要能够切实改善民众日常生活的务实政策。随着该计划进入实施阶段，其实际成效最终将取决于它能否为中国人民的福祉、尊严及发展机遇带来实实在在的改善。

China's new human rights action plan: A people-centred approach to development and fundamental rights

By Ayesha Alam | July 26, 2026

The protection and promotion of human rights remain central to contemporary global governance. While different countries interpret human rights through diverse political and cultural frameworks, the ultimate objective is the same: safeguarding human dignity, ensuring equal opportunities, and improving the quality of life for all citizens. Against this backdrop, China has introduced its National Human Rights Action Plan (2026-2030), a comprehensive policy framework that places people's well-being at the heart of national development.

The newly launched Action Plan reflects China's belief that human rights extend beyond civil and political freedoms to include the right to development, education, healthcare, employment, social security, and a clean environment. In an era marked by  economic uncertainty, climate change, technological transformation, and geopolitical challenges, Beijing argues that protecting these fundamental rights requires sustainable economic growth and inclusive public policies.

One of the Plan's most significant features is its emphasis on putting people first. The policy seeks to improve living standards through rural revitalization, employment creation, stronger social protection, quality education, accessible healthcare, and equal access to public services. By reducing regional disparities and expanding opportunities, the government aims to ensure that every citizen shares the benefits of national development.

The Action Plan also reinforces China's commitment to the rule of law. It calls for integrating human rights protections into legislation, judicial practice, law enforcement, and public administration, with the objective of strengthening legal safeguards and ensuring that citizens can effectively exercise the rights guaranteed under the Constitution and national laws. From Beijing's perspective, social stability and public confidence are strengthened when justice is accessible, impartial, and supported by effective governance.

Environmental protection occupies a prominent place within the new framework. China recognizes that clean air, safe drinking water, healthy ecosystems, and sustainable development are not only environmental priorities but also essential human rights. Consequently, green development, ecological conservation, carbon reduction, and environmental governance have been integrated into the country's broader strategy for improving public welfare.

Special attention is devoted to protecting the rights of women, children, older persons, persons with disabilities, and ethnic minority communities. The Plan seeks to promote equal opportunities and social inclusion, ensuring that development reaches every segment of society. By strengthening social welfare systems and expanding access to education and healthcare, China aims to build a more equitable and inclusive society.

The document also addresses the growing relationship between technology and human rights. As artificial intelligence and digital innovation continue to reshape modern societies, the Action Plan emphasizes that technological progress should serve humanity, improve public services, and enhance people's quality of life while protecting privacy, human dignity, and ethical standards. Businesses are likewise encouraged to strengthen corporate social responsibility by respecting human rights throughout their operations.

Internationally, China reiterates its support for dialogue, mutual respect, and international cooperation in advancing human rights. The Plan maintains that every country has the sovereign right to pursue a human rights path consistent with its own history, culture, and stage of development. Rather than advocating a single universal model, Beijing calls for greater cooperation, mutual learning, and respect for different development approaches.

China's National Human Rights Action Plan (2026-2030) reflects a governance philosophy that links fundamental rights with economic development, social justice, environmental sustainability, and legal protection. Through this initiative, China seeks to demonstrate that safeguarding people's fundamental rights requires not only legal guarantees but also practical policies that improve everyday life. As the Plan moves into implementation, its effectiveness will ultimately be judged by its tangible impact on the well-being, dignity, and opportunities of the Chinese people.

　　【来源：巴基斯坦《财经日报》网站（thefinancialdaily.com）；编译：中国人权研究会】